The US Trade Representative has proposed new duties targeting 60 economies, including Pakistan and India, for alleged failures to act against forced labour, as the Trump administration seeks to rebuild its tariff agenda following legal setbacks.

The proposed tariffs range from 10 per cent to 12.5pc, according to a government filing, and they will undergo a public comment period before a final decision is made.

The move comes months after Washington launched investigations into trading partners, including China, the European Union (EU) and Japan.

The probes looked into whether they took action against the import of goods made with forced labour, and if this impacted US commerce.

On Tuesday, the USTR said that 54 of the economies “failed to impose and effectively enforce a forced labour import prohibition”.

This group includes China, Vietnam, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and India.

Six other economies — Canada, Ecuador, the EU, Indonesia, Mexico and Pakistan — were deemed not to have effectively enforced such prohibitions.

“The failure of our most important trading partners to address the importation of goods made with forced labour is unacceptable,” USTR Jamieson Greer said in a statement.

“This creates a dynamic where American workers are forced to compete globally on an unlevel playing field,” he added.

“We will no longer tolerate this disparity,” he said, adding that “each of our trading partners must do more to ensure that trade does not perversely encourage and entrench forced labour globally”.

The USTR said it determined that it would impose 10pc duties related to the forced labour investigation on imports from Canada, Ecuador, the EU, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan and Britain.

The trade agency said it would impose additional duties of 12.5pc on the remaining 45 countries that it investigated.

But the proposed tariffs come with various exemptions such as beef, coffee and certain fruits and nuts.

Goods from Canada and Mexico that comply with a North American free trade pact will also be exempt — as will certain textiles and apparel.

The public is invited to provide written comments by July 6, and the USTR will subsequently hold hearings.

The announcement comes ahead of the July 24 expiration of a 10pc temporary tariff imposed by the Trump administration on February 20, the day the Supreme Court struck down US President Donald Trump’s tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.

‘Unjustified’

Following the latest tariff proposal, China said on Wednesday it opposed all forms of “unilateral” tariffs and denied allegations of forced labour.

“There is no so-called forced labour in China, and we oppose using this as an excuse for political manipulation,” Mao Ning, a spokesperson for China’s foreign ministry, said at a regular press briefing.

Meanwhile, the European Commission said the tariffs proposed by the US were unjustified and reiterated its commitment to the trade deal sealed with Washington last year.

“The EU considers tariffs imposed on these grounds to be unjustified,” a spokesperson said. “On the EU side, we are on track to ensure implementation of our Joint Statement tariff commitments by the end of June.”

The Swiss government also rejected US findings on how dozens of economies, including Switzerland, deal with goods produced by forced labour.

The Swiss economy ministry said US industry was not being harmed by Switzerland’s practices, and that it had already set out its position on the issue to US authorities.